合金管在含CO2水(shui)溶液中的(de)腐(fu)蝕壓縮研(yan)究

尤其是(shi)深層(ceng)CO2油(you)(you)氣田的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)中腐(fu)(fu)蝕更加嚴重[24]低(di)(di)Cr合(he)金(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)抗CO2腐(fu)(fu)蝕,CO_2飽和(he)(he)的(de)(de)0.5mol/LNaCl溶液中溫度(du)對合(he)金(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)腐(fu)(fu)蝕行為的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang) CO2腐(fu)(fu)蝕是(shi)石油(you)(you)、天然氣勘探開(kai)發(fa)(fa)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)失(shi)效的(de)(de)主因之(zhi)一[1].合(he)金(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)力學(xue)性(xing)能良(liang)好(hao)、價格合(he)理(li),油(you)(you)氣開(kai)采和(he)(he)集輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)道方面具有廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)應用前景。目前低(di)(di)Cr合(he)金(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)CO2腐(fu)(fu)蝕問題已受到廣(guang)泛關注(zhu)。通過(guo)動電位極(ji)化(hua)曲線研究Cr含量(liang)對3Cr和(he)(he)5Cr合(he)金(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)耐CO2腐(fu)(fu)蝕性(xing)能的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)發(fa)(fa)現,Cr加入使(shi)自腐(fu)(fu)蝕電位正移,降低(di)(di)了(le)腐(fu)(fu)蝕傾(qing)向,并降低(di)(di)了(le)腐(fu)(fu)蝕電流,提高了(le)材(cai)料的(de)(de)耐蝕性(xing)能,且(qie)3Cr和(he)(he)5Cr合(he)金(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕產物膜為Cr氧化(hua)物和(he)(he)氫氧化(hua)物,更加致(zhi)密,降低(di)(di)了(le)平均腐(fu)(fu)蝕速率,并抑制了(le)局部腐(fu)(fu)蝕

]CO2環境中(zhong)(zhong),合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)產物中(zhong)(zhong)Cr元(yuan)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富集程(cheng)(cheng)度強(qiang)于3Cr合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),比合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)形貌更加光滑(hua)[7]但(dan)合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在含CO2水溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)是一(yi)個復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電化(hua)學(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),除(chu)了受材料(liao)(liao)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響外,還受其他各種(zhong)因(yin)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響[8]其中(zhong)(zhong),溫(wen)(wen)度是影響材料(liao)(liao)在介(jie)質中(zhong)(zhong)腐(fu)蝕(shi)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)(su)。有關溫(wen)(wen)度對(dui)(dui)N80P110等常(chang)(chang)用(yong)油管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響規律(lv)已有了較清楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識[911],高(gao)合金(jin)馬氏體(ti)耐(nai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形表(biao)觀激(ji)活能(neng)(neng) 現(xian)代鋼(gang)(gang)鐵制造工藝中(zhong)(zhong),熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形是一(yi)種(zhong)非常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段。通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)應(ying)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)情況以(yi)及(ji)硬(ying)化(hua)與(yu)軟化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),可(ke)以(yi)建(jian)立(li)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形組(zu)織與(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi),進(jin)而(er)實現(xian)鋼(gang)(gang)材熱(re)(re)(re)(re)加工過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)織與(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)預測。目前,研究(jiu)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵材料(liao)(liao)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形時所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本構方程(cheng)(cheng)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)Zener-Hollomon參(can)數(shu),簡稱Z參(can)數(shu)來表(biao)示(shi)[1-2],即Z=εexpQ/RT,給出(chu)(chu)了熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)率(lv)與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。材料(liao)(liao)在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形明顯受熱(re)(re)(re)(re)激(ji)活過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控制,公式中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Q即熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形表(biao)觀激(ji)活能(neng)(neng),表(biao)征在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形時金(jin)屬原子要(yao)跨(kua)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個能(neng)(neng)量門檻(jian)值。許多(duo)學(xue)者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)金(jin)屬熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形激(ji)活能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響因(yin)素(su)(su)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了研究(jiu),但(dan)所得(de)結論卻(que)不一(yi)致。如Wanjara等[3]認(ren)為(wei)普碳鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形激(ji)活能(neng)(neng)隨碳含量增加而(er)下(xia)降(jiang),李立(li)新等[4]則認(ren)為(wei)恰恰相反,而(er)Bee等[5]卻(que)認(ren)為(wei)碳含量對(dui)(dui)激(ji)活能(neng)(neng)沒有影響。本文通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)三種(zhong)高(gao)合金(jin)馬氏體(ti)耐(nai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)單道次熱(re)(re)(re)(re)壓縮(suo)研究(jiu),分別計算其熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形激(ji)活能(neng)(neng),對(dui)(dui)比其他鋼(gang)(gang)種(zhong),找出(chu)(chu)高(gao)合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)影響熱(re)(re)(re)(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形激(ji)活能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)(su)。