一種p11合(he)金鋼(gang)管上引連(lian)鑄管坯(pi)的生產方法

　　木發明涉及凝固學原(yuan)理和有色(se)金屬(shu)加(jia)工工業(ye)(ye)技術領域(yu)，提供了一種主要用于p11合金鋼管上引連鑄管坯(pi)的制(zhi)造方法，其(qi)產品主要用于冷凝器(qi)制(zhi)造工業(ye)(ye)。

　　目前國(guo)內(nei)冷凝(ning)管(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)制(zhi)造技術，仍采(cai)用立(li)式(shi)半連(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)和水平連(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)提供鑄(zhu)(zhu)坯，鑄(zhu)(zhu)坯經(jing)擠壓(ya)(ya)機(ji) 擠壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)半成(cheng)品(pin)管(guan)坯，管(guan)坯經(jing)酸洗后(hou)在(zai)軋管(guan)機(ji)上軋制(zhi)到拉伸所(suo)需要(yao)的(de)尺寸，再經(jing)拉伸、精整(zheng) 制(zhi)成(cheng)各種成(cheng)品(pin)管(guan)材。此工藝(yi)路線生(sheng)產(chan)流(liu)程長(chang)能(neng)耗大、生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)，技術已明顯落后(hou)于(yu)當今科 學技術發展(zhan)的(de)要(yao)求，尋求節能(neng)、低成(cheng)本(ben)冷凝(ning)管(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)技術勢在(zai)必行。本(ben)發明針對p11合金(jin)鋼(gang)管(guan)熔(rong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)工 序進(jin)行闡(chan)述。

　　在有色金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)加工(gong)行業熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉和(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(簡稱熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu))方(fang)法(fa)，分水(shui)平(ping)連(lian)(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，立式(shi)半(ban)連(lian)(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)引連(lian)(lian)(lian) 鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。立式(shi)半(ban)連(lian)(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)過(guo)程(cheng)是在同(tong)(tong)一臺(tai)電(dian)爐(lu)上(shang)(shang)完成的(de)(de)，結(jie)晶器是立式(shi)安裝(zhuang)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠過(guo)程(cheng)是間斷(duan) 性(xing)不(bu)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)的(de)(de)，在熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)，易氧化(hua)元素熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉損失(shi)(shi)大，合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)成分不(bu)易控制(zhi)，能(neng)耗量(liang)(liang)大;在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu) 錠時(shi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠表(biao)面易出現麻面、橫(heng)裂(lie)和(he)(he)漏掛，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠內部(bu)易出現裂(lie)紋(wen)和(he)(he)疏松缺陷，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠質量(liang)(liang)波動(dong) 性(xing)大，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)模具(ju)消耗高(gao)，要求操(cao)作人員須具(ju)備(bei)(bei)一定(ding)的(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)，工(gong)作環境不(bu)盡理想，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成品率低。 目(mu)前國(guo)內基本采(cai)用此工(gong)藝(yi)路線(xian)為(wei)擠壓(ya)機提(ti)供p11合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼管(guan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠。水(shui)平(ping)連(lian)(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉和(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)分別在 兩臺(tai)單體(ti)電(dian)爐(lu)上(shang)(shang)進行，結(jie)晶器水(shui)平(ping)安裝(zhuang)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)可(ke)(ke)實(shi)現連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)化(hua)生(sheng)產。該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)(ke)提(ti)供鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)棒、 線(xian)、管(guan)坯(pi)，但鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)坯(pi)易出現偏芯、裂(lie)紋(wen)、組織疏松、晶粒不(bu)均勻和(he)(he)桔皮等缺陷，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)在轉(zhuan)爐(lu) 時(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)損失(shi)(shi)大，要求操(cao)作者須具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)產操(cao)作技(ji)能(neng)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)生(sheng)產批(pi)量(liang)(liang)必須具(ju)備(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)一定(ding)規模 時(shi)，才能(neng)體(ti)現出質量(liang)(liang)與(yu)成本優勢。上(shang)(shang)引連(lian)(lian)(lian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉和(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)是在一臺(tai)連(lian)(lian)(lian)體(ti)爐(lu)上(shang)(shang)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行， 該(gai)過(guo)程(cheng)可(ke)(ke)實(shi)現連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)化(hua)生(sheng)產，適宜純(chun)銅(tong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)生(sheng)產，采(cai)用此方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)產小(xiao)于Φ16mm線(xian)坯(pi)和(he)(he)小(xiao)于Φ 30mm管(guan)坯(pi)，目(mu)前管(guan)坯(pi)僅(jin)在純(chun)銅(tong)上(shang)(shang)應(ying)用，且質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)宜保證;合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)類(lei)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)坯(pi)目(mu)前還未發現公開的(de)(de) 相關信(xin)息資(zi)料(liao)。

　　上(shang)(shang)述三種方(fang)(fang)法，水(shui)平連(lian)鑄(zhu)和上(shang)(shang)引(yin)連(lian)鑄(zhu)是今(jin)后(hou)該行(xing)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向，而立式(shi)(shi)半(ban)連(lian)鑄(zhu)由(you)于其 獨特工藝特性，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)大(da)規格鑄(zhu)錠(ding)方(fang)(fang)面仍具有一定的(de)(de)優勢。但在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)小(xiao)規格品種上(shang)(shang)，尤其在(zai) 管坯(pi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上(shang)(shang)與上(shang)(shang)引(yin)連(lian)鑄(zhu)相差(cha)甚(shen)遠，相比較立式(shi)(shi)半(ban)連(lian)鑄(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周(zhou)期(qi)長，工序(xu)繁雜，金屬單耗高， 能耗大(da)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)無法實現自動(dong)化，加之操作人員勞動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)大(da)，環境不(bu)盡理(li)想。而水(shui)平連(lian)鑄(zhu) 由(you)于鑄(zhu)管易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)偏心(xin)、裂紋、結晶晶粒(li)不(bu)均勻等缺陷，要求生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)人員具有豐富的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)能， 故(gu)限制了在(zai)國內(nei)的(de)(de)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)。